External environments interact to affect managers Essay Example

External environments interact to affect managers Paper With the entire world as a market and national borders becoming increasingly meaningless, the potential for organizations to grow and expand is almost unlimited (Robbins, 2003, p. 101 and business is increasingly international due to increasing sales and accessing resources(Wild, 1999). In such circumstance, organizations must learn how to survive and prosper in a global environment that is highly dynamic and unstable. Managers in this setting not only deal with a set of social , economic, legal and political factors in the home nation, but with entirely different set of these in each country of operation. International management involves balancing a firms internal environment forces which is a system of shared meaning and beliefs within an organization that determines employees act with external environmental forces which is outside institutions or forces that potentially affect an organizations performance (Bard, Post, Mammon, 1990). The internal environment such as human resource policies, organizational culture, and production methods affects the managers ability to achieve certain outcomes. However, it is not only the organizational culture that plays a significant role (Robbins, 2003). It interacts with the external environment such as social culture, technology, economic to affect the organizations performance in the global environment. The focus on this essay is on the interaction between some of the factors in internal and external environment in the global environment and its impact on organizations and managers. All organizations, even monopolies, have one or more competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on External environments interact to affect managers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on External environments interact to affect managers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on External environments interact to affect managers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the global environment, the competitors which are one factor of the specific environment are even more and stronger. Managers cannot ignore the competition. They must monitor and prepare to respond, such as change the rice, services, and develop new products (Robbins, 2003). Mercedes-Benz always is thought as serious, not youthful and extremely expensive in the U. S. Market at the beginning. Research among American dealers also revealed that consumers felt so intimidated by Mercedes that they wouldnt sit in the cars at the showroom. When Japanese carmakers entered the U. S. Market in the sass, they reproduced their car-building philosophies, cultures, production practices and management styles in the United States. But Mercedes started with the proverbial blank sheet of paper. In order to appeal o U. S. Market, Mercedes enters the M-Class, a sports utility vehicle (SUB) with a base price of 335000 and luxury lineage. At the same time, Mercedes abandon the rigid hierarchy of the typical Mercedes production line and create a more egalitarian shop floor in order to motivate workers. Thus administrative offices in the Vance plant run through the middle of the manufacturing area, and while its all glassed in, team members still have easy access to administrators. The plant is also designed so workers can unilaterally stop the assembly line to correct manufacturing problems. So far, he system has been a catalyst to communication among the Alabama plants 1500 U. S. Workers, German trainers, and diverse management team that includes executive form both Detroit and Japan. Even so, Mercedes has spent an enormous amount of time and effort to train its U. S. Rockford. So far the Mercedes M-class is competing very well against the entrenched competition (Wild, 1999). This case describes how the competitors and the organizational internal culture interact to shape the managers decision in the global business environment. In terms of the general environment which is one components of the external environment, the most rapid changes during the past quarter-century have occur red in technology (Robbins, 2003). Especially in the increasing globalization, the technology represents a key advantage and challenges to the organization. MET, the channel beams its irreverent and brash mix of music, news, and entertainment to 281 million homes in over 64 countries, including Brazil, Singapore, India, and 36 countries in Europe. In 1987, MET commanded an audience of 61 million in the united States. The company wanted to take the music revolution global by starting MET Europe and MET Australia. At first, it took a pan-European approach, marketing the same product to all European countries. The European network was a huge overnight success. Through its experiences in Europe, MET refined its mix of programming to become a global national brand with local variations. They had spent almost two decades building a global brand identity, MET executives initially rejected that idea. Little by little, however, they changed their collective mind. They decided to move forward because a certain technological innovation made it possible for MET to think globally and act locally at very little cost. The breakthrough was digital compression technology, which allows suppliers to multiply the number of services offered on a single satellite feed. Where there were three or four services, explained one MET official, now we can broadcast six or eight. (Hung, 1996). Math/ Europe, currently reaching 77 million homes, has adopted a European strategy; it offers local version of its satellite and cable TV network programming to compete in individual European countries. These more- focused offerings have gradually been replacing MN Rupees wider regional programming, and versions for the Netherlands, Spain, and Eastern European Mounties are now being considered. Today, not only teens in Europe but teens all over the world have their MET cake and eat it, too (Wild, 1999). This is the typical example which represents how technology interacts with the organization internal innovation in the international economic. Coloratura which is the one of general environment also impact the managers actions. Managers must adapt their practices to the changing expectations of the society in which they operate (Robbins, 2003). April 1992, Disneys new $4 billion theme park-Euro Disneyland opened at twenty miles east of Paris. Disney executives are banking on a love affair between Mackey and company and the Europeans as the principal engine of Disneys growth in the sass. It is hoped that 11 million Europeans a year will rub elbows in a happy melting pot at the park. But a number of conflicts and a lower-than- expected attendance in the early months had Disneys bosses worried. Glitzy American -style theme parks may not be Rupees cup of tea. No one really expects the king of theme parks to flop in Europe. Two million Europeans flock to Disneys American parks every year. But for reasons ranging form ultra backlash to Frances chilly winter weather, the reception has indeed been cool for the U. S. Company. Europeans visit Disorderly in Florida as part of an American experience. Many observers doubt, however, that they will seek Americana as eagerly in the Paris suburbs. Then there was the challenge Of hiring and training 1 6000 cast members, representing 86 nationalities and 34 languages. About half of the cast members were French, and the dress code imposed by Disney was regarded as an assault on French and European social standards. The attempt to maintain the standardized, all- American Disney look-no long hair, no long fingernails, very limited makeup, no jewelry. In addition to specific job training, Disney University, a feature of all company parks, gave the standard day-and-a half course in Disney culture. Now, Disorderly is very successful in Paris (Dresser, 1994). International trade has undergone explosive growth recently(Bard, Post, Mammon, 1990). The AC survey indicates that since 1997, on average, non-US sales for us-based companies have risen slightly, from the 10 to 20 percent range to the 20 to 30 percent range. Products manufactured outside the US eave increased in a similar manner (Talking, 2001, p. 34). The internal and external environments interact to affect managers and organizations. It is important for the manager to be aware of the diversities and more flexible that they have been in the past. The economic globalization is the inevitable trend in coming years, the managers have to consider both the internal environment and external environment in order to be successful in such global environment.

Financial Research of the Google Inc Essay

Financial Research of the Google Inc Essay Financial Research of the Google Inc. Essay Financial Research of the Google Inc. Essay Investment in corporate business remains an important and attractive issue that may be influenced by huge investment potential. Publicly traded companies demonstrated various dynamics of stock growth during the long and short term. However, each company has its individual pace of growth, because it has different possibilities to enter the foreign market, occupy large niches, ensure high long-term profitability, satisfy shareholders, etc. Consequently, the choice should rely on proper finance research of the demanded, relatively stable company with strong strategic and resource potential. For example, Google Incorporated (Google Inc.) provided the growth of the share price and appears to be excellent choice for investment. Rationale for Selection Google Inc. has been chosen because this company represents a profitable toolset for capital growth. It is evident that investment in Google promises high returns with minimal risk. Such a possibility has existed since 2004, when the companys shares were sold on stock exchanges. Google Inc. provides two types of shares: Class A is dedicated to general circulation and Class B (preferred stock) available for the employees only. The development of communication means and the Internet allows buying the shares even on foreign stock exchanges. There are long-term and short-term options for investment in the shares of Google Inc. The short-term option involves the purchase of the shares not to receive dividends, but to resale them as soon as possible after the shift of exchange. Investing through a broker by such a scheme will not work, as the interest for the service will cut almost all the profits. The main disadvantage of this option is the amount of investment accessible for investors with regard to fluctuations of a price. Direct access to stock exchanges requires significant capital, which narrows the circle of shareholders to the largest and most reliable business partners. This may be the advantage of investment in Google Inc., as large investments are usually carried out by the investors with vision and long-term priorities. It can form a stable supply for the corporation and thereby protect other inves tors from business losses. In addition, the choice of Google Inc. as a potential object of investment was made due to the benefit of long-term investment. It involves making a profit from the payment of dividends on shares or selling them years or even decades after the purchase. The expectations of an investor to receive an increase in share value in several years can be justified. Given the dynamics of the development of Google, this growth may be continued. The company provides an advantage of a long-term approach where high initial capital is not needed and brokerage services are available for such investments, which simplifies the processes of buying and selling. Natural and objective disadvantages of investment in Google Inc. are a certain level of uncertainty and lack of long-term guaranteed income. However, such shortcomings are common in the entire area of investment, regardless of the historical success of a corporation. However, taking into account the dynamics of the growth of Google, the riskiness of losses seems improbable. Google Inc. is a target for profitable investment. There are some factors that may affect the positive decision to invest in Google Inc. Investors can significantly reduce the risk of their investments due to diversification. By investing in an investment fund or stock, they can spread their investments among various financial instruments. While some investments fall in value, others are likely to rise, which evenly distributes the risk among investment in Google Inc. and other attractive businesses. High liquidity of the companys shares allows converting investments into cash quickly and without losses. Selling the shares can be just as easy as dealing with the shares of another company, but the corporation adequately satisfies the interests of its shareholders. The availability of the corporation’s shares permits investing from the most accessible sources. This provides investors with certain freedom of action. Moreover, investing in the corporate capital does not require additional studies of the companys activities as it demonstrates its activity quite openly and transparently. This is displayed in regular mapping of outcomes of financial and investment activities. It is enough for the investor to follow the results of investment efficiency. Professional management of the corporation belongs to the advantage of Google Inc., which attracts a large number of investors. Investment funds are managed by a team of professionals. They have more experience, knowledge, and information than an average investor. Herein, it is very important for making a decision to buy or sell. However, it should be remembered that not all investment in the company regularly show satisfactory results. However, the decline in investment activity can be attributed to the behavior of business in the market. Investor Profile and Strategy In order to start investing, it is necessary to have something to invest. Creation of the necessary initial capital precedes the establishment of an appropriate person and profile of an investor. Investments in a corporation are accompanied by high business activity and a large number of corporate bonds. Its work concerns the attraction of large-scale business and international operations. Therefore, investors should possess professional knowledge in the area of investment. These professionals are divided into speculators and managers. Speculating investors receive income from the difference between the purchase and sale in the short term. Their main task is to buy cheaper stocks and sell them at the highest price. Such investors are characterized by a large number of transactions within a short period. The main characteristic of such investors is risk exploitation of their money. The managing investor of Google takes the finances of other people under control. As a rule, it is a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur providing their services free of charge. Their task is to multiply the investment funds. This person is well versed in the laws of the market, has a specific strategy, the necessary knowledge, and experience. A manager may also perform a large number of sales transactions of stock during a day, but their main difference from the speculator is that they risk other peoples money. There are certain laws regulating the activities of such persons or organizations. Therefore, it is expedient for the investor without sufficient funds for independent investment to give their funds to the specialist. There is an opportunity to attract investment by non-professionals. These are investors for whom investment is not a professional occupation. In this case, they should make maximum efforts and try to track the profitability of the position as an investor. An independent investor without professional knowledge and skills is the type of an investor who prefers to manage their savings at their own discretion. They make their own decisions about the objects of their investment and identification of a worth toolset. Moreover, they fully assume all risks associated with this activity. Their difference from professional investors is that investment is non-professional and additional activity. Their position is weaker when compared with professional and experienced investors. They carry out a small number of transactions and prefer to make long-term investments with a periodic review of their investment portfolio. Characteristics of the most suitable investor involve a different level of investment activity and its management. Long-term investment is best suited for passive investors who hold the strategy of retention of the acquired equity. It would be a good strategy, but in times of crisis, it is possible to lose more than half of the capital. Search of short gains may attract active investors who manage a portfolio and perform purchasing and selling operations on the shares of Google Inc. This is an active investing strategy. It can follow the portfolio of a passive management strategy. For example, active investors may buy the shares of Google Inc. and make short sales. However, this strategy should be accompanied by a major focus on stock selection. This type of investors is characterized by a relaxed attitude to a temporary fall in the market, of course, except for a crisis condition, as well as the ability to wait for favorable moments for a long time. Active investors may abandon a perpetual (long) investment and balance investments each year. The time horizon of investment of Googles investors includes long-term investors with investment horizon of more than 10 years, with medium-term investment horizon of 3 to 5 years, and short-term investments with a maturity from 1 to 3 years. However, higher possibility of a successful return on investment is inherent to long-term investors, as the company of the most demanded segment of the market successfully implements strategic plans and large enterprise operations. Regarding the degree of risk tolerance, the most suitable investors for Google are moderate investors. They do not engage in frequent speculations and are not afraid to change the structure and volume of investments in the event of market fluctuations. Such investors adhere to the following problems of the investment strategy: Preserve capital during following years; Gradually increase the capital; Earn high profits (Holburn Zelner, 2010). Strategy is the main reference point behavior for investor in different situations. However, if an investor prioritizes high earning before capital preservation, it is the way for defeat. Therefore, the investment strategy should vary, depending on the overall success of Google Inc. Thus, the simplest and most effective strategies that can be applied with respect to Google Inc. as separate alternatives and components of the overall strategy are the following: A strategy of dividends The essence of this technique is very simple. The investor buys the stock at or before closure of the register of shareholders in order to gain profit from the issuing company in the future (Lin Pavlova, 2006). A long-term investment strategy Many investors try to use the shares of Google Inc. in the long run, buying them for a period not less than one year. This strategy is simple, but it is very attractive due to its potential returns. In addition, this approach allows investors at least to partly diversify their risks. The main difficulty is the selection of the period of stable growth of the corporation, as it will bring profit to its owners. If there are doubts about profitability, they may form a portfolio, taking into account the yield of the stock market index. The resulting profit will be proportional to the growth of this indicator. A strategy for medium-term investment The shares are purchased for a few months. The base of the profit is the fluctuations in the value of the securities. An investor can buy the stock cheaper and sell it when the price is at its peak (Pike Neale, 2006). However, the determination of the date of purchase or sale requires a fundamental and technical analysis of the situation, forecast of the market movement, and a rapid response to its changes. Financial Ratios and Health of Google Inc. Financial ratios of Google Inc. are relative measures of financial performance of the corporation that express the relationship between appropriate dynamic parameters and form the basis of financial management and the practice of evaluation of the financial health and indicators of Google Inc. In order to assess current financial condition of Google Inc., a set of coefficients comparing the dynamics of these indicators is used. The factors beyond the standard values or a negative trend characterize particular weak points of the company. The investors interested in short-term efficiency of Google Inc. prefer a low level of current ratio as it eliminates their common risks and improves the business utilization of corporate resources. Current ratio was 4.75 in September, 2013, while next year demonstrated its decline to 4.47 in September, 2014. In 2015, its indicator was 4.77 (YCharts, 2015). Therefore, this ratio increased during the last three years by 0.2. That means that the corporation did not sufficiently use its current assets to cover its short-term liabilities and obligations. Exclusion of inventories from the assets of Google Inc. allows determining the liquidity of the corporation and its ability to quickly cut the debts with marketable securities and cash. This indicator was 4.58 in December, 2013. Later, it increased to 4.80 in December, 2014. Liquidity capacity decreased to 4.77 in September, 2015 (GOOGL Quick Ratio, 2015). Therefore, this ability of Google Inc. to quickly turn particular assets into cash to pay obligations in the short run was slightly decreased. Earnings per share determine the volume of earnings per outstanding share of Google Inc. The corporation identifies this indicator for shares of class A, B, and C. Obtain earnings per basic class A and B were $ 19.13 in 2013, which increased to $ 20.9 in 2014 (Investor Relations, 2015). The third quarter of 2015 identified $ 5.80 per share that was more by $ 0.64 than in the first quarter of the same year. In contrast to basic earning, its diluted alternative simultaneously increased. In 2013, EPS was $ 18.7 that increased to $ 20.5 in 2014. Later, the third quarter of 2015 demonstrated its annual growth to $ 5.7 per share. Similar trends characterize dynamics of basic earnings per class C share that was $ 19.1 in 2013 and increased to $ 20.9 in 2014 (Investor Relations, 2015). This earning increased to $ 5.8 at the turn of 2015. Diluted earning per this type of share was $ 18.7 in 2013 and increased to $ 20.5 in 2014. Despite certain growth of EPS in the second quarter of 2015 to $ 6.4, this indicator was still higher by $ 0.63 at the turn of 2015 than at the beginning of the year. The third quarter of 2015 determined its growth to $ 5.7 per share. The valuation of a share is executed through the ratio of the price of a share and earning per share. This ratio decreased from 29.4 in 2013 to 24.99 in 2014 (GOOGL P/E Ratio, 2015). Nevertheless, Google Inc. increased this ratio to 33.7 in December, 2015. These changes mean that it will take fewer years. to earn the price back for the company’s stock. In this case, short- and median investors are not in advance comparing to long-term investors, who are more interested in higher P/E stock. Total revenues of Google Inc. increased from $ 55 billion in 2013 to $ 66 billion in 2014, while the third quarter of 2015 confirmed the annual growth to more than $ 18 billion in 2015 (Investor Relations, 2015). These changes were conditioned by the structural growth of revenues from the basic activities of Google Inc., such as its own and network members’ websites and other sources. Thus, the most rapid and positive growth concerned the revenues of its own websites. The annual growth rate was a slight increase by 1 percent. The revenues generated in the area of the websites of network members declined by 5 percent from 2013 to the third quarter of 2015. Other revenues increased by 2 percent from 2013 to 2015. The ratio of cash with regard to debt showed that the company could easily pay off its debt with the exceeding amount of cash that increased from 11.2 in 2013 to 12.3 in 2014 (Guru Focus, 2015). Later, the ratio sharply increased to 13.9 in September, 2015. Therefore, t he company had significant liquid resources to cut its debt. The level of profitability of Google Inc. attested gradual increase of total net income from $ 12.7 billion in 2013 to $ 14.1 billion in 2014. Net income slightly increased to $ 3.9 billion at the turn of 2015. Therefore, the activity of Google Inc. has been profitable in these last years due to advantageous business directions and wide expansion throughout the world. The financial condition of the corporation is defined by its ability to finance its activities. It is characterized by the provision of financial resources necessary for normal functioning of the company, their proper placement, and efficiency of use, financial relations with other legal entities and individuals, solvency, and financial stability. Financial state of Google Inc. is sustainable. The companys ability to make payments timely to finance its activities demonstrates its good financial condition. It depended on the results of its industrial, commercial, and financial activities. Production and financial plans are successfully carried out, which has a positive effect on the financial position of the corporation, increase of profits, and solvency. In turn, a strong financial position has a positive effect on the execution of corporate valuation, forecasting activities, decisions on capital structure etc. Risk Level of Google Inc. Investment risk is a possibility or likelihood of full or partial failure to reach the results of the investment expected by investors. The activities of Google Inc. make investors face the following risks: specific (commercial) and regional risks. Specific (commercial) risks are associated with the uncertainty of obtaining the expected commercial result from the implementation of a specific project. They relate to specific characteristics of the project itself or specific characteristics of the market conditions. Specific investment risks occur at the level of entrepreneurial activity of specific enterprises in the corporative composition of Google Inc. Strategies and approaches to minimize these risks are the responsibility of the project developers and insurance companies that perform particular operations, depending on an investment project as well as the investment policy of Google Inc. The means of economic policy (fiscal, price, customs control, tariff) may indirectly influence risk reduction. In addition, another risk is associated with limited investment opportunities in some regions, where the company is represented. To reduce this risk, Google may apply a strategy of selective incentives to increase investment activity and attract additional resources in appropriate regions. The total risk level of the company is affected by the capacity to unite all possible directions of the business and investment policy of the corporation. Investment risk may be maintained at low level through a proper policy of harmonious development of the business and rational utilization of its assets. Recommendations for Investment Opportunity In order to increase the appeal and interest of investors to Google, the corporation should improve the corporate strategies of those business units and the acquisitioned companies within its entrepreneurial structure. (Mackey, Mackey, Barney, 2007). Herein, the company can be easily associated with a completed investment object. Any prospect of crisis that may hurt the multinational global company requires strengthening of competitive advantages, ongoing liquidity, and accessibility of the capital for investment even in complicated economic conditions (Campello, Giambona, Graham, Harvey, 2011). Google Inc. would facilitate its business sustainability and enhance its own investment attractiveness in crisis. To sum up, Google Incorporated employs all possible measures to remain a successful target for investment. It was chosen for this financial analysis due to a range of factors determining its priority for an investor. The financial analysis revealed its stable financial health and efficient financial ratios. Successful performance faces challenges of financial and regional risks that should be reduced through a set of improvements and advancements related to the business practice of Google Inc.

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Teams on the other hand are defined through the efforts that result in performance that is better and greater than the sum of individual inputs. In effect an understanding of the group gives insight to an understanding of the individual. Teams have become more popular over the years for certain reasons. They often outperform individuals through natured competition and spirited inter group motivation. They also allow the individual to use their talents in a more efficient way. They have also been continuously associated with the ability to adjust and respond to changing environments. Team or group dynamics create a more democratised environment that increases the level of motivation among the employees. Work teams have certain benefits to the individual that accrue to the collaboration of the employees. They also have their share of disadvantages and over the individualised approach to work. To begin with, teams have a more creative approach to problem solving and are more thorough in the performance of their obligations and duties. This increases the quality of the work done. The various employees learn from the different perspectives and backgrounds on how to evaluate all pros and cons of the problem. Teams present and inter team competition which motivates the individual to perform better and emerge better. The interaction with the team also allows the individual to develop other skill sets besides the employment performance skills such as leadership, communication and association. It builds the individuals social and relational aspect through the team based interactions. On the other hand participation of an individual in a team has its challenges and disadvantages. The under-participation or over-participation of an individual in the team leads to uneven use of the individual’s potential which limits the performance of the individual. In case of team conflict the work environment created for the individual becomes more unfriendly and difficult (Scott , 2007). Team participation makes it quite difficult to motivate and acknowledge individual effort. Teams also limit individual’s creativity to the team level and it creates more bureaucracy in the work place. Further, not all individuals are comfortable working in teams and they actually work better when working individually. 2. ‘There’s no such thing as ‘stress.’...it’s all in an individual’s head and just an excuse to take time off work’ discuss There is no specific definition or explanation for job stress. It is a common phenomenon among most organisations and it occurs due to various reasons. It can however be expressed by the consideration of the internal and external circumstances and symptoms that are common with people undergoing stress. The most widely adopted explanation and definition of stress is one that expresses the circumstances that create the potential for stress. It can be presented as the result of a situatio n that creates demands that threaten to breach the individual’s capacity and abilities as well as the limits of the resources that are available. This therefore goes to the indifference between the rewards and costs of the obligations over the resources

Financial data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial data analysis - Essay Example Likewise tools to predict the stock price of the companies, there are certain tools which specifically used to predict the price of a region or a city (Carcello J et al., 2010). The prices pertain to the Wheat Kansas is comparatively higher than that of the Wheat No. 2 Soft Red in almost all the time period. Lots of fluctuation has been found among the prices of both of the prices of the wheat. The average price of Wheat 2, Soft Red is $ 630.48 while the average price of Hard Kansas is $ 860.054. The average price movement for Soft Red Wheat is -0.10744% while the average movement of Hard Kansas is -0.07618. Standard Deviation which is one of the most important things from the aspect of finance and statistics is also applied on the same. From the analysis, it is found that the deviation from the mean for Red Wheat is 4.51%, while it is 3.45% for Hard Kansas. It means that the price of Hard Kansas is comparatively less risky than that of Red Wheat in total. Every organisation runs for the sake of economic profit and to do the same, different actions and strategies would certainly take into consideration. Organisations are of different kinds and there would be different strategies would be applied for enhancing the revenue of the companies (Borodovsky & Gogarten, 2010). Economic downturns and external pressures are always difficult for the companies as a whole because it relates to both short and long term economic prosperity of the companies as a whole. From last few years, the stance of organisations and its productivity are quite blurred merely because of the economic crisis and high external pressure were on a higher side at that time. Finance is a big field, in which there are number of things present and everything has its own importance and significance. There are certain things that come under the ambit of finance and among them; the name of forecasting is one of

Dentistry in Developing Countries

Dentistry in Developing Countries DENTURE CAMP-AN EXPERIENCE BEYOND IMAGINATION Short Title-Gundlupete Denture Camp Abstract Aim: Main aim of dental camp is awareness, education, and motivation of the common man regarding his/her dental health. This report presents the efficient way of conducting a denture camp and tackling the short comings faced during the course. Methods :When treating a vast population in camps, it calls for more number of instruments, equipments and lot of manpower in terms of doctors, dental mechanics and supporting staff. 110 patients were selected for the denture camp. They were informed to come early morning at 8a.m on the scheduled date and make necessary arrangements for their stay for one night during the camp as the most of the patients were from surrounding villages. Discussion: Dentures are no more a luxury; it has become a necessity for the edentulous patients for the basic health maintenance. Many problems were encountered during this camp. Though there were so many hurdles doctors became successful in treating the patients. Conclusion: The team had taken a brave step with all the problems and they ended successfully. In spite of all the problems faced, the dedicated team work proved fruitful in rehabilitating 132 patients in short spans 24 hrs. The efforts of team were highly appreciated by the people. Keywords: Dental Camp, Dentures, Public health. INTRODUCTION Dental Camps in India are being routinely conducted. The main objective being awareness, education, and motivation of the common man regarding his/her dental health. Dental camps usually are conducted for a large population who do not have accessibility for a sophisticated dental treatment and for the people with financial constraint. Camps can be conducted for screening or for treating the patients like extractions, restorations and/or fabrication of dentures. Screening and treatment camps held for extractions, restorations does not require a lot of equipments and man power on the other hand; fabricating a denture for the patients require a lot of equipments and instruments. When treating a vast population in camps, it calls for more number of instruments, equipments and lot of manpower in terms of doctors, dental mechanics and supporting staff. Public health work exhibits a certain number of characteristics that are different from individual practice in the same field. Most important is the fact that the public health work must be done in areas where the group responsibility is recognized. Another characteristic of public health method is its reliance upon the team work. This is due to the necessity of efficient handling of large group of people. This report presents the efficient way of conducting a denture camp and tackling the short comings faced during the course. Materials and Methods A denture camp was conducted by the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore, at Gundlupete, Chamarajanagar distric on 9 and 10th of Feb. 2013 Gundlupete, is a small town with a population of 28157 situated 200 kms from Bangalore. The villagers are hailing mostly from poor families, with a very limited knowledge and accessibility to their basic health maintenance needs, especially dental health. For this reason this particular village was chosen by the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore to render denture services to the poor and needy patients. Indian Medical Association Gundelpet took the responsibility to provide the services, like accommodation and food for the team. An announcement of the denture camp was made in the village by a local body one month prior to the scheduled date of the camp. Audio aids like public addressing systems/microphones and visual aids like pamphlets were used for the public awareness regarding the camp [1]. Enlightening the people about the Dental health is a must in such a town, so awareness was made. People were instructed through these aids to attend the preliminary screening which was held on held on 9th Jan 2013 for which a team of doctors with required diagnostic aids were deputed from the college. It is an achievement in the history of Government Dental College and Research Institute for having screened 300 patients. Out of 300 patients, 110patients were selected for the denture camp. They were informed to come early morning at 8a.m on the scheduled date and make necessary arrangements for their stay for one night during the camp as the most of the patients were from surrounding villages. The doctors had so much o f keen interest to render the services for selected 110 patients who had come from different parts of the village. A list of all the necessary equipments, materials and instruments with their quantity was made for the fabrications for 125 dentures. Required materials and equipments were collected from the college stores. Chair-side instruments, diagnostic instruments, lab equipments were collected from the staff and students of the Government dental college and research institute. A total of 100 clamps and flasks and 115 articulators were procured. Ten micromotors were collected, of which 5 were from the department and the rest were borrowed from the other departments. Local organization was so kind enough to take the responsibility of providing two gas cylinders for the lab-work. 4 â€Å"T† attachments containing 10 burner gas connection points each were taken from the Department. The collected materials were sorted out in an orderly manner and were packed in the cartons. There were 20 cartons containing equipments and materials. These cartons were numbered and a list containing all mater ials in a particular carton was made and pasted on each of them. A copy of the same was made and kept with a particular volunteer for easy access and to avoid confusion. 3 mini buses containing a team of 55 dentists, 55 dental mechanics and five supporting staff left to Gundlupete on 8 th morning . The dentist’s team consisted of staff including the Dean cum Director, Post Graduate students of the department and the house surgeons from various other departments who volunteered to be a part of this denture camp. The dental mechanics team consisted of dental mechanics from our institution and also from various other dental colleges. After reaching the camp venue ( primary school in gundlupete) rooms were selected for the clinical work, one for the lab work and plaster work was carried out in the open ground in front of the class rooms. Plastic chairs for seating the patients, tables for the dental technicians, gas assembly, huge containers for dewaxing and acrylization were arranged on the same evening. On the 9th morning the camp started at around 8 a.m. All the patients were registered and were given a token to come in queue to avoid confusion. On the token the patients register number and all the clinical steps involved in the denture fabrication with the assigned Doctor’s and technician’s name were mentioned. Along with each mentioned clinical step, space was provided to indicate the step which has been completed for the patient. Dentist and technicians were divided into 11 groups comprising of 5 dentists and 5 technicians in each group. Primary impressions for all the patient’s were made with high fusing impression compound and subsequent wash impression with irreversible hydrocolloid were made. For the patients with poor alveolar ridges special tray were fabricated, border molding was done using putty and subsequently secondary impressions were made with Zinc oxide eugenol. All the primary impressions were numbered according to the number given to the patient. The same numbers were transferred on the casts. Record bases were fabricated using shellac base plates. Occlusal rims were fabricated on the record bases using modeling wax. Lost Occlusal vertical dimension and centric relation were recorded using a static method and shade selection was done. Teeth arrangements were done by the technicians. The try-in was done and the trial dentures were returned to the technicians for the acrylization. Then the patients were asked to come next day morning for denture insertion. Once the patients were dispersed the dentists also joined the technicians for the lab work like sealing of the trial dentures, flasking, dewaxing, acrylization, finishing and polishing procedures. The register numbers were incorporated in the dentures during the trial closure. The whole team worked till all the dentures were processed which went on day and night without taking rest, the team of doctors did not sleep at all, on such herculean line worked till rising of the sun. Deflasking, trimming, finishing and polishing of the dentures were done the following day. All the required chair side trimming was done and denture insertion was carried out. Post insertion instructions were given to the patients in groups and the written format was distributed to each of them. Most of the dentures had satisfactory retention and stability. Patients were comfortable and satisfied. One or two patients who had compromised retention in their dentures due to poor alveolar ridge were instructed to use the denture adhesives. The patients were advised to come after a week for the follow up for which a team of three dentists was deputed from the college. Some of the patients had developed soreness which was relieved and some minor occlusal corrections were carried out. Discussion In developing countries like India , majority of the population lives in villages were providing basic health facilities is a Herculean task. The worldwide prevalence of dental disease is a constant reminder of the almost universal need for effective dental health programmes. These programmes should be routinely conducted for the betterment of the patients. Conducting a successful camp, especially denture camps include assembling the manpower, finance, materials, equipments, instruments, coordination and generous mind of the team. Denture camps unlike the routine camps, require a lot of time, effort, equipments and co-ordination. Treating the edentulous poor patients in camps provides them with dentures which they cannot afford due to financial constraint. Through these camps it is possible to rehabilitate more number of poor patients in short span of time. Rehabilitating the poor edentulous patients improves their appearance, confidence, health and overall well-being. Further, the quality of treatment provided may not be of high standards as all the clinical steps cannot be done due to time constraint, but the treatment given was the stepping stone to make them know the importance of teeth hygiene and to avoid further complications. Active participation of the local organization is very important for the success of the camp. They play a key role in informing and throughing light on their souls how important the camp was to save them from further decay in life. Arranging the venue for the camp, accommodation and food for the team, should also be taken care by the local bodies for a camp to be successful. Success of the camp depends upon the support and co-ordination of the local bodies. Problems were faced as we had only 100 clamp and flasks, the denture processing steps had to be repeated. The number of patients exceeded our estimate, because of which we informed the unregistered patients to undergo the treatment next time. Conclusion Dentures are no more a luxury; it has become a necessity for the edentulous patients for the basic health maintenance. Denture fabrication in a camp requires lot of efforts, manpower, equipments, coordination and support of the local body. Many problems were encountered during this camp. Though there were many hurdles but the doctors became successful in treating the patients. The mountains may look high, but when we begin to climb and reach the top we say it is not so high. The team had taken a brave step with all the problems and they ended with a happy note. In spite of all the problems faced, the dedicated team work proved fruitful in rehabilitating 132 patients in short spans 24 hrs. The efforts of team were highly appreciated by the people.

My Work as a Volunteer Nurse Essay -- Contribution to My Community Serv

My community service work at County Hospital is to care for the rudimentary needs of each patient. My goals are to provide inspiration during the healing process, teach kindness and compassion, and discover my own abilities for empathy. "Courage doesn't always roar. Sometimes it is the quiet voice at the end of the day saying, "I'll try again to tomorrow (Mary Anne Radmacher)." My hope as a volunteer is to help each patient find that voice, find that courage to go forward. It is easier for patients find that voice when they know that somebody cares. Many patients are exhausted and unable to perform the simple rudimentary tasks that are part of a normal daily routine. As a volunteer, most of my time is spent assisting patients in hygienic tasks as well as reliving physical pain by helping someone change positions or rubbing a patient's back. I realize that this might not sound appealing to some, but it means everything to the patient and that's what is important. I believe that with every experience, there is a lesson to be learned. While volunteering, the nurses taught me how...

Corruption Showed in A Raisin in the Sun Essay

The play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry was written to portray the lives of African Americans during the great depression era of the United States. This story is about a family’s struggle with money, prejudice, life and how obstacles can get in the way of accomplishing a dream. The story A Raisin in the Sun money has the ability to corrupt people as shown when Walter invests money into a liquor store, when he walks away from his wife when she tells him that she is pregnant, and when he considers selling his mothers† house to Mr. Lindner. Walter Younger is very dissatisfied with his life. He decides to invest in a liquor store with his good friend Bobo an this man Willy who he dosent know. Willy takes there money and runs leaving Walter with an empty pocket and an empty dream. Which changes the man that Walter is. Mama exclaimed,†No . . . something has changed. You something new, boy. In my time we was worried about not being lynched . . . You ain’t satisfied or proud of nothing we done. I mean that you had a home; that we kept you out of trouble till you was grown; that you don’t have to ride to work on the back of nobody’s streetcar—You my children—but how different we done become.† Mama is telling Walter that he dosent need to worry about the money that life was about family and togetherness and he needs to stop relying on the money for the happiness in life. Ruth become pregnant and she’s pondering on whether she should have an abortion or not. When Walter return home she planned to tell him so he can help her make a decision. When he returns home Mama says,†You†¦you are a disgrace to your father’s memory.† Mama is disappointed in her son for not stepping up and taking action in stopping Ruth from having an abortion.. She wants him to be a good man like his father was, but he’s changing into a bitter man due to the check that his mother has received. When the Younger’s arrive at their new home in Clybourne Park Walter was making a decision. He was enlightening the family on how he could sell this house to Mr. Lindner an receive more money. Mama says disappointingly to Walter,†You making something inside me cry, son. Some awful pain inside me.† Again Mama is very disappointed in the decisions her son is making in life. She wants him to get together and realize that his satisfaction is his life with his family in their new home. Walter Younger has been changed by the dissatisfaction’s in life by how the check money has affected him by, investing money on a liquor store, ignoring Ruth’s abortion, and when he was deciding on taking Mr. Lindnder†s offer. The power of the money has taken over Walter. He was a great man like his father and all Walter wanted to do was make his family get what they deserved in their lives. He wants them to to become the best they can be. But that power for greediness has taken over him and changed him into a different person A person his own mother didn’t recognize. We can all learn from Walter Younger that money can corrupt oneself in without one knowing.